Supply And Demand Chain In Music Industries Marketing Essay

Supply And Demand Chain In Music Industries Marketing Essay Since the inception of humankind, music has been significant to civilization of human race providing various advantages physically and mentally to every person involved in making or listening of music and tasting pleasure in doing so. Prior to 19th century, musical pursuit suggests attending live performances and playing of music instruments by people on their own at home. A soaring percentage of people involved in playing and singing by themselves and rest went to see the live performances in concert halls, taverns and music halls. During this era, the only way of recording music was on paper with support of some pre-programmed mechanical devices to play notes. This clearly shows that there was demand for devices which will help in developing and recording the music and can be easily distributed at listeners place. Before moving towards the process of recording and distribution of music let see how music-making is being categorised by society. Society has differentiated music making in two types i.e. classical music and popular/pop music. The classical music consists of well trained musician and pop music consists of untrained populace. The classical music suggest three large periods of music i.e. (Baroque, classical and romantic) where as popular music can be any modern day contemporary music. The basic difference between the classical music and pop music is classical music is also known as art providing entertainment whereas later only provides entertainment. Classical music has greater musical complexity and it is appreciated by older generation while pop music lacks the structural complexity for multiple structural layers but have universal appeal. Factor governing buyer behaviour Information on consumers potential behaviour becomes a strategic resource enabling promoters to anticipate competitors, improving the fit between supply and demand of music in the digital environment Quality Uncertainty Cultural goods are experiential goods in the sense that their quality may not be learned or measured even after consumption. There are no suitable parameters to make a claim regarding an unsatisfactory music album. When the quality is uncertain, people prefer what other people prefer. This represents the second feature of consumption in the cultural industries the presence of socio-network effects. Cultural-dependence Represents a way of fulfilling desires identified with highly valued life styles by consuming cultural goods, people express who they are and the social groups they belong. Demand Reversal Phenomenon Once too many people participate in a particular fashion, it ceases to be attractive, and the trend reverses. In this sense, the consumption process is cyclical, and the consumer segments may be influenced by the dynamics of fashion. This reversal process may also be repeated, such as when an anthology of Beatles songs, after being first fashionable, and then less attractive, may once again become valued as classics, experiencing repeated streams of consumption. Demographic factors Classical Music Willing to pay more for Interested in better sound quality Buy records as a package: not just music but notes, lyrics and cover art. Enjoy live concerts Prefer subscriptions than daily tickets Popular Music More interested in convenience Need flexible medium to listen Comparatively more fascinated discovering new music and artists Curious about the new phenomenon Consumer use music in two ways i.e. they own the product in the form of a CD/ DVD or use as a service, and listen to radio station or online. The listening of songs through radio station also used as promotional channel where the awareness is created and consumer is tempted to be the owner of the product. The market can be largely grouped into two segments: music owner and casual listener. It is possible for a consumer to be a part of both the segments i.e. customer being casual listener for some music and music owner for other kinds of music. When the casual listener is converted into music owner the profit starts coming in. Internet being a two-way interactive tool gives benefit to sales channel for downloading music as it is also used as a promotional channel. Consumer analysis suggests that adolescents and college going student perceived buying of CDs/DVDs as expensive. This perception exists due to mass piracy and copying, devaluing the commercial value of music and other reason being there is only one or two good value songs on the CDs/DVDs. The easy accessibility of technologies (MP3 player), digital downloading and CD/DVD writing has given power to consumer in-turn changing their buying behaviour. The music industry has drastically transformed in the last couple of decades, all credit goes to the increasing penetration of strong broadband connection, which provides convenient service to music lovers to download or buy the MP3 tracks or any music via internet. This technological change in music industry has adversely affected the traditional chain of high street music specialists. But in turn has resulted into heavy selling of physical music and DVD music online. This activity also lays the foundation for promoting digital downloads as well as the stealing of music illegally from the web. T he illegal downloading of music is the current major problem faced by the members dealing in music industry and the owners of the music. Downloading music illegally has not only started devaluing the value of music for entire generation of youth but also affecting the content owners in terms of their financial returns which is decreasing day-by-day. A huge challenges also faced by the retailers as there is a rapid ranges of price deflation due to free downloading of music by the new generation of consumers. While essential modifications are taking place in the music and video retailing as well as major upsetting among the specialist players, they are being provoked by the swift escalation of technology set up in the consumers place. With the influx of broadband connection there is a mass increase in the ownership for iPods and MP3 players. Other reasons for growth in online sales are due to the moving of supermarkets from food to non-food categories creating and continuing the huge impact. Thus, in this environment the challenges for retailers are to find different ways to cater their consumers for retaining their expected profitability which will help them to survive in this tough competition. On the whole, the music industry is facing an enormous challenge. A few of the most popular artists have an undersized product life cycle as the temperament of the industry has changed. Then alongside is the modern technology and broadband letting consumers to obtain classical and popular music at superior quality for free or diminutive cost during exchange of the MP3 tracks or file sharing. According to music recording companies and their representatives the massive and regular use of this method for obtaining classical and popular music has been a major setback for recording companies as this being the reason to their declining sales and profitability. Members and followers of the file sharing partly blames the commercial desire of the recording companies and indicate towards the comparatively great prices of DVDs, CDs and recorded music as the most important reason of consumers looking out for new and other choices. When we talk about technology it is clear that modern technology is here and will be upgraded time to time will become even more sophisticated in future. Numerous artists have problems and fail to get their music heard because of the governance of the quick buck super marketing of the present trim of top acts. Internet is the useful tool for the performers and artists and may offer useful resources for delivering their music to their follower all over the world. No matter what the point is? The music industry will counter the challenge of encountering the changed market place and how they act in response to such difficulties is going to be critical in their success and prolong development of music industry. Implications to Supply chain, Publisher and Demand chain The Music industry consist of performers/artists, labels/publisher, producers, manufacturer, engineers, marketing agencies. To realize all the arguments affecting each members of the supply chain, recording companies and demand chain it is important to know how music industry operates. It is huge and complex industry. In real meaning, a performer or an artist, is undersigned in a contract by the record companies to create an album or tracks. Then recording company pay or may pay for the produced albums to market it or manufacture the CDs which will be distributed all over the world. In return, the revenue is generated by the sale of the albums which covers all the cost incurred on producing the CDs and thus the income is passed to each member involved in the process. The music company are therefore smashing their business in search of providing a variety of music to meet the various range of tang of the consumer. For doing this, it is very important to manage the product portfolio sensitively as any action taken will have an adverse effect on cash flow. The music company has to ensure that there is a sufficient cash flow in the business to manage its liabilities. Almost every main record company will highlight the fact that they have dozens of other company that has set up under it or they have bought them. For example, The Universal Music Group owns: Jazz recording company Verve Classical recording company Deutsche Gramophone Apart from this the labels also has different companies under them which distribute conventional pop and rock material. Therefore, the market is dominated by five major companies sharing 75% of the total sales of recorded music all across the world. But to the fact, there are dozens of other labels and companies which are reputed as a individual entity but may have been under taken or set up by their parents company over the years. (Source: IFPI, Market Share of the Music Industry, 2008) The Problem The problem centres on several issues: Increase in piracy has affected the record labels severely as they experience a worst in declining sales. If sales are not official the artists are not bound to receive any royalty income from the sale of the music. The complexity of modern technology is also responsible in making of fake CDs which is again affecting the market of the music industry. Some artists struggle to get into mainstream as they are not signed by the major labels; they opt for the internet as it is potential source of getting their music to mass audience. Due to decline of CD sales physically, retailers of all size are facing the heat. Some smaller size retailers are complaining the difficulty they face in competing the larger stores as they have the advantage of providing the songs through downloaded music. The effects of music piracy has created the dispute for the record industry as it claims that piracy generates further sales but recording company wants to protect their monopoly powers by keeping the artificial prices high, and thus affecting the customer base. Other Problems The other aspects of music industries are also affected by the changing market in the music world. The method used by music lovers to purchase music is also going under drastic change as there is development in new forms of media entertainment i.e. DVDs and videos. Companies selling music have also come to provisions with the impact of changes taking place in the market. Amazon coming in on-line retailing made other companies like HMV, Virgin and Tower Records, which are the three major retailers to face the competition. Amazon also created the impact by providing the features like speedy delivery times and extensive range of stocks through global access. Digital distribution saviour of supply and demand chain in music industries The RIAA (Recording Industry Association America) forced Napster and other peer-to-peer companies to closed music sharing business with the help of severe legal process. The commotion was temporarily stopped but it clearly suggested that there is a need of such crucial products and services which will help in understanding the customers tastes and will meet their actual requirement. The basic objective was to re-organize the traditional supply chain for the survival and this was only possible by inculcating various digital distribution strategies. The content creators, content developers and marketers and retailers/ distributors are the three major players for the current supply chain in the music industry. Composers, lyricists, and artists are the part of content creators. The music publishing and record companies are included in content developers which are central to the industry. s are the They not only procure the musical rights, recognise and develop performing artists, record music in studios but also produce and distribute the music, advertise and promote music through various channels. The distributors consist of large national retail chains and recording company. 85% of sales come from record companies and larger national retail chains which are owned by retail outlets and are also high compared to record clubs and mail orders and online retailers which only account for 12% and 1 % respectively. In recent years, there has been a significant shift in the market share from unaccounted music to P2P music sites as the record companies have had a significant influence on the demand as well as the supply chain. Cost Breakdown of digital distribution (Source: Alternate digital distribution, G. Premkumar, 2003) The above cost structure proposes latent opportunities to develop the efficiency of current supply chain. The above table provides the breakdown of the costs involved using averages from various published sources. From this the royalty to composers/artists account to 12% as manufacturing cost is only 5% of total cost and costs such as labour, rent, and local inventory of retail outlet account for 35%. Meantime, the costs involved in retail outlets also account for 35% of selling price. The operating profits ranges from 4%-6% of sales in relation of price markdown and after writing off the inventory. An additional cost of 20% is absorbed in promotion and advertisement. The breakdown of these cost facts disclosed 25% of variable cost is comparatively small to fixed cost which is 75%. This is important because 60%-80% of music labels are meant to be flopped and they fail to cover the fixed cost. Most of the consumers do not realize that there is natural risk in this business and the suc cessful labels do only compensate the losses. Alternate strategies for Digital Distribution Distributing music digitally through supply chain can have a variety of strategies. The three major members of the supply chain are content creators/artists, recording companies and retailers. In order to ensure the success of digital distribution, multiple marketing and social issues must be solved instead of technological issues. Due to other restraint, concentrating only on supply chain will may or may not give the solution which can be implemented. Six different strategies given below are the suggestion for distributing music digitally. Recording company-retailer-customer Some consumer support this strategy as it suggests flexibility to produce modified CDs without altering the packaging CDs. This strategy introduce consumer to new artists also gives quality experience of music. This strategy is categorized into three stages as per changes taking place in the market. The primary stage consists of developing customized CDs and it advances to second stage where the assembling of CDs is done overcoming the in-store inventory problems. In the third stage, this strategy provides inventory less in-store and help consumer to recognize types of music they want, different artists, and can also create CDs. Due to inherent cost efficiency in this strategy, it provides benefits to Retail store operations. This strategy also helps recording companies to protect their copyrights. Record company-customer This strategy of direct distribution take advantage of eliminated retailers as it reduces the cost of retail operations for distributing music. Thus creating potential market for digital distribution between recording company and customer. Record company-intermediary-customer This strategy is also called one-stop shop. The consumer can get their music by visiting multiple sites at one place. Music from multiple recording companies is consolidated at one place by intermediary and this gives consumer to buy their favourite music at one place. Online retailers like Amazon.com can generate extra sales revenue by providing quick search facility and good system network to download music. Artist-customer This strategy creates the most efficient supply chain by eliminating the intermediaries and save cost in every aspect for music industries for distributing music. Although this strategy suggest expenses for artists in terms of direct advertising and maintaining the cost of the web site. It is also important to address other issues for the success of this chain. Artist-intermediary-customer In this strategy, an intermediary combines the artists and offers them services to minimise their search and information problems related to consumers also does expand the market reach for the artist. The intermediaries creates online communities with similar music interest also offers services like online reviews and provides email alerts to consumer for new releases and concerts. Thus they add value to this strategy. Audio-on-demand (AOD) This option helps consumer to create their own playlist of their favourite songs and can listen as per their convenience through internet radio stations. This strategy uses simple subscription model for delivering the music to consumer. A consumer can change their playlist as per their choices during the subscription period this will help consumer to get rid of old and few songs considering the ownership model. (Source: Alternate digital distribution strategies, G. Premkumar, 2003) Comparison of distribution strategies (Source: Alternate digital distribution strategies, G. Premkumar, 2003) It is thus necessary to educate the people about negative effects of piracy and protecting the copyrights. This is also critical for keeping the music industry healthy and flow of income and royalty to artists will encourage them to create new music portable devices. Internet radio stations require two-way connection with each consumer compared to broadcasting radio which will creates load on server and system infrastructure. These problems will be solved in future with the help of surplus bandwidth. Future of Music Distribution The above table provide the summary of merit and demerits of each distribution channels for stakeholder, artists, labels and publishers, retailers and consumers. Although it will be enticed to say which strategy is going to succeed in future, it is obvious that quite of them will survive in their own niche markets. The absolute victory of every channel depends on their relative features. A single feature that will induce the reformation of the industry is the dominance between the artists, publisher, retailers and consumers. As formerly stated, some of the big labels and publisher not only have control of creation, marketing, and distribution of MP3,CDs, DVDs dominating the market but also have substantial control on the artists. Boost in consumer power to copy the music files from P2P file sharing sites, which was abandoned because of legal actions taken by recording companies followed the closure of P2P music sites. But the impact of action taken by RIAAs did not stop launching of many new P2P music sites. Due to the risk of breaching copyrights, artists have started supporting the point of labels and publishers related to digital distribution of music. The above table suggest that the situation for retailers is on risk in future, they need to diversify their services to on-line retailing. E.g. ARKIV.com, NAXOS. Looking at the future of music industry the recording companies will influence the most to each distribution strategy as they will have proper control on incentives and disincentives for consumer to operate one strategy or the other. Various business models can work all together to give absolute supple to consumer when music is accessible digitally. As a matter of fact, the business model adapted by Naxos, MuiscNet is the mixture of strategies recording company-intermediary-customer and audio on demand which gives ownership and listening features to consumers. Conclusion The information given above provides opportunities for re-engineering the traditional supply chain by digitizing the music. The negative impact on members of supply chain, publisher and demand chain due to the illegal copying and downloading of music can be solved with the use of six digital distribution strategies. These six distribution strategies were investigated in terms of cost structure and the relative roles of stakeholders for the music industry. The major problems linked to the successfully implementation of each strategies were discovered and explicated. Bibliography and Referencing http://www.bized.co.uk/current/research/2003_04/011203.htm http://www.oligopolywatch.com/2003/06/28.html http://www.ifpi.org/site-content/press/20030909.html http://www.bmg.com/ http://new.umusic.com/overview.aspx http://www.emigroup.com/About/Overview/Default.htm http://www.timewarner.com/corp/index.html http://www.scopus.com/record/display.url?fedsrfIntegrator=METALIB-SCOCIT origin=fedsrf view=basic eid=2-s2.0-3142691513 http://www.scopus.com.lcproxy.shu.ac.uk/record/display.url?fedsrfIntegrator=METALIB-SCOCITorigin=fedsrfview=basiceid=2-s2.0-61549099931 http://www.springerlink.com.lcproxy.shu.ac.uk/content/42g3531nv41u17t4/fulltext.pdf http://academic.mintel.com.lcproxy.shu.ac.uk/sinatra/oxygen_academic/search_results/show/display/id=393867/display/id=437587#hit1   http://academic.mintel.com.lcproxy.shu.ac.uk/sinatra/oxygen_academic/search_results/show/display/id=280587/display/id=326982?select_section=326984   http://www.anstendig.org/classical_vs_street_music.html http://stason.org/TULARC/music-genres/classical/9-What-distinguishes-classical-music-from-popular-music.html http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_pop_and_classical_music   http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/5731.html   http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/4206.html

Review of Patient Safety Standards for Hospitals by Joint Commision on Healthcare Essay

The safety goals outlined for hospitals are intended to stimulate greater awareness of the elements of vulnerability or risk associated between patient and worker. Ultimately, patient safety, worker health and safe practice methods can have a positive influence on saving lives, reducing risk and controlling costs. The goals attempt to outline a uniform standard. When adopted by a health care organization, a successful culture of safety that benefits everyone has an opportunity to develop. The following are the Commission’s patient safety goals with respect to hospitals. The first goal is to improve the accuracy of patient identification. Patients are given the wrong medications, taken to the wrong surgical rooms, and specimens get contaminated or mixed up. To address this issue and achieve improved accuracy, implementation of two patient identifiers attempts to reduce these errors. First, the patient should be identified reliably by their name, telephone number or other number that is person specific. The second is to verify that the treatment matches the patient. The verification of the identifiers should be done with two individuals checking the same patient or having one person identify the patient, with a second verification assisted by the addition of a technology item, like a barcode. The second goal is to improve the effectiveness of communication among caregivers. Each clinical aspect of healthcare utilizes a different vocabulary. A patient may be seeing a psychiatrist, a physical therapist and a cardiologist at the same time. While each profession has a foundation of science that is designed help them communicate in a uniform manner, each clinical area will have specific language and understanding that may not translate from one specialty or discipline to another. Critical results of tests and diagnostics that are outside the normal range and indicate a life threatening situation must be communicated. Reports must be delivered and critical results given on a timely basis so the patient can be treated as soon as possible. Third, is the goal to improve the safety of using medication. Medications that are not labeled properly or medications that are similar in name or packaging can obviously lead to a 1 deadly consequence. Suggested ways to achieve this goal is to make sure all medications, and containers are labeled correctly. Some of the specific suggestions to achieve this safety goal are to adopt the use of oral unit-dose products, prefilled syringes, or premixed infusion bags when these products are available. The fourth goal is to reduce the risk of health care-associated infections. Many people are in fear of going to a hospital. They may feel at risk of getting a communicable disease. And while that is a possibility, few are aware that they may experience infections directly associated with the delivery of the medical service or treatment. The simplest and most obvious way to protect the patient from infection is to feverishly adhere to the Centers for Disease Control or World Health Organizations guidelines for hand washing. The late physician and scientist Ignaz Semmelweis would be astonished to see this method universally adopted. Although, with as much science that has since validated his pioneering work, he could be annoyed to see a lack of compliance, considering the volumes of evidence published which supports his early theory. Patients are acquiring hospital based infections at an alarming rate, according to an NBC news story which was based on data from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. And a brief review of the CDC report from 2011 on rates of infections clearly shows a link between number of days in the hospital and acquired infections. The longer a patient is in the setting, the more likely it is that the patient is at risk. The likelihood of risk depends on the kind of treatment the patient receives. Risk assessment tools are essential to understanding which staff, providers, or independent practitioners need to be educated to understand the types of infections and their origins as they relate to their practice area. The families and patients must likewise be educated to understand the risks, complications and microbial hazards that are inherent to the treatment or service they are receiving. Finally, goal fifteen is for the hospital to identify safety risks inherent in its patient population. This goal is a contributing factor to why Patient Safety Coordinators and certifications to become one are becoming more popular. Particularly, the goal speaks to the population that is at risk for suicide. While this goal is stated to apply only to psychiatric hospitals and patients being treated for emotional or behavioral issues, most all hospitals have at least a small population that could fit into this category. While not every hospital has a psychiatric floor, or even a psychiatrist on call, patients that appear or make a statement that they fear harming others or themselves may be detained temporarily at the discretion of the medical staff. The terms and length varies from state to state. Georgia’s law, O. C. G. A. Â § 37-3-41 allows basically for a forty-eight hour detainment period. But, that can be extended indefinitely if the treating physician deems it necessary and appropriate based on their examination.

University of the Pacific Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

The University of the Pacific is a private university with an acceptance rate of 63%. Located on a 175-acre campus in Stockton, California, the University of the Pacific is an easy drive to San Francisco, Sacramento, Yosemite, and Lake Tahoe. Popular undergraduate majors include business, biology, education and health sciences. Pacific was awarded a chapter of the prestigious  Phi Beta Kappa  honor society for its accomplishments in the liberal arts and sciences. On the athletic front, the Pacific Tigers compete in the NCAA Division I  West Coast Conference. Considering applying to University of the Pacific? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, University of the Pacific had an acceptance rate of 63%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 63 students were admitted, making Pacifics admissions process competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 13,545 Percent Admitted 63% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 11% SAT Scores and Requirements University of the Pacific requires that all applicants to submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 82% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 560 660 Math 560 690 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of University of the Pacifics admitted students fall within the top 35% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to Pacific scored between 560 and 660, while 25% scored below 560 and 25% scored above 660. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 560 and 690, while 25% scored below 560 and 25% scored above 690. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1350 or higher have particularly competitive chances at University of the Pacific. Requirements The University of the Pacific does not require the SAT writing section. Note that Pacific participates in the scorechoice program, which means that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. At University of the Pacific, SAT Subject tests are not required for admission, but all students are encouraged to take one of the SAT Subject tests in math prior to enrollment. ACT Scores and Requirements University of the Pacific requires that all applicants to submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 37% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 22 32 Math 22 30 Composite 22 30 This admissions data tells us that most of Pacifics admitted students fall within the top 36% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to University of the Pacific received a composite ACT score between 22 and 30, while 25% scored above 30 and 25% scored below 22. Requirements University of the Pacific does not require the ACT writing section. Unlike many universities, Pacific superscores ACT results; your highest subscores from multiple ACT sittings will be considered. GPA In 2018, the average high school GPA of University of the Pacifics incoming freshmen class was 3.54, and over 60% of incoming students had average GPAs of 3.5 and above. These results suggest that most successful applicants to University of the Pacific have primarily high B grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph University of the Pacific Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to University of the Pacific. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in  with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances University of the Pacific, which accepts fewer than two-thirds of applicants, has a competitive admissions process. If your SAT/ACT scores and GPA are within the schools average ranges, you have a strong chance of being accepted. Keep in mind, however, that Pacific also has a  holistic admissions  process, and admissions decisions are based on more than numbers. A strong  application essay  and glowing letters of recommendation  can strengthen your application, as can participation in  meaningful extracurricular activities. and a rigorous course schedule. Students with particularly compelling stories or achievements can still receive serious consideration even if their grades and scores are outside Pacifics average range. In the graph above, the blue and green dots represent students who were admitted to University of the Pacific. Most had SAT scores (ERWM) of 1000 or higher, ACT composite scores of 20 or higher, and high school averages of B or higher. If your grades and test scores are above these lower ranges, your chances of admission will increase. If You Like the University of the Pacific, You May Also Like These Colleges Santa Clara UniversityUniversity of Southern CaliforniaUC DavisUCLAPepperdine UniversityUniversity of San DiegoUC San DiegoUC Santa CruzSacramento State UniversityUC IrvineUC Berkeley All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and University of the Pacific Undergraduate Admissions Office.

Sexism And Feminism The Eyes Were Watching God - 2119 Words

Sexism and feminism are controversial issues, that is why they are a global issue in today’s society. People who argue sexism does not exist tend to focus only on the wires of the issue in relation to a birdcage. Like Frye said, â€Å"...step back...and take a macroscopic view of the whole cage, that you can see why the bird does not go anywhere; and then you will see it in a moment†(Frye). So if people expand their focus to the world it is overwhelmingly apparent that in many countries women are second class subjects. Sexism is still a problem which feminists in our society today are still trying to fix. Through her use of characterization, symbolism and changes in relationships, Zora Neale Hurston argues in Their Eyes Were Watching God which is widely viewed as a feminist novel that even though American society is majority sexist and are uninformed about feminism, feminism will ultimately overtake but will not be enough to eradicate the sexism that has been embedded i n all aspects of our daily lives. As Janie retrieves her independence after being maltreated by men, one must know that the novel cannot simply be regarded as a feminist novel because there are aspects that dispute with talks about feminist theory. The novel grapples in a way with feminist ideals of equality of men and women and traditional gender roles which is referred to as sexism. By examining Janie s relationships, in which traditional gender roles and male dominance play an important role inShow MoreRelatedTheir Eyes Were Watching God By Zora Neale Hurston1052 Words   |  5 PagesTheir Eyes Were Watching God, is a famous novel written by Zora Neale Hurston who grew up in the early 20th century during the Harlem Renaissance. Hurston examines the race and gender problems through the view of the main character Janie Crawford. In the novel, Janie is on a mission to find her true love. She narrates the story by providing the experience of three particular marriages. Janie experie nces intense sexism in each relationship and deals with many hardships early in the book, but eventuallyRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God1780 Words   |  8 Pagesshort story â€Å"Sweat† and novel Their Eyes Were Watching God, the focus is on women who want better lives but face difficult struggles before gaining them. The difficulties involving men which Janie and Delia incur result from or are exacerbated by the intersection of their class, race, and gender, which restrict each woman for a large part of her life from gaining her independence. Throughout a fair part of Zora Neal Hurston’s novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God, Janie’s low class create problemsRead More Revolution Girl Style: Fifty Years of Women in Rock and Roll2575 Words   |  11 PagesBut in the late sixties and early seventies, the faultlines that held together Americas illusions of bliss fractured, and out of the cracks came people fighting for self-empowerment and self-pride for whatever their chosen cause: anti-racism, anti-sexism, anti-war, anti-establishment, peace and love. Their battlecry was, the personal is political, they gave people two choices: to perpetuate the system or to challenge it. Folk music and folk rock, anti-authoritarian by tradition and anti-commercialRead MoreWe Need Talk About Kevin8189 Words   |  33 Pagesshe tosses him across the room which leads him to have a broken arm. Eva relives the memory where we can see the day of Kevin’s school massacre. After hearing that there’s been an attack at Ke vin’s high school, Eva rushes only to find that the doors were secured by a bicycle lock. Eva remembers Kevin with the bike locks, from her expression we can see that she knows that Kevin is involved but she mentally tells herself that she is wrong. Kevin willingly walks out and surrenders himself as the killerRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagescentury does not appear to be a very coherent unit. The beginnings and ends of what we choose to call centuries are almost invariably years of little significance. But there is little agreement over when the twentieth century c.e. arrived, and there were several points both before the year 2000 (the collapse of the Soviet Union, the reunification of Germany, the surge of globalization from the mid-1990s) and afterward (9/11, or the global recession of 2008) when one could quite plausibly argue that

The Emergency Department Is The Unofficial Primary Care...

Chronic illness, disease, access to primary care, domestic violence, abuse, and intergenerational poverty are all factors contributing to the1.5 million people who experience homelessness each year (Doran et al., 2013; Zlotnick, Zerger, Wolfe, 2013). Compared to 12.3% of the general population, 44% of homeless people rate their health status as fair/poor (Seiler Moss, 2012). This statistic falls in line with research done by Zlotnick et al. (2013), which explains that the homeless population has higher rates of hypertension, respiratory illness, tuberculosis, HIV, and parasite infestations as compared to the general population. Clearly, this population has a heightened need for medical care. Unfortunately there are a number of barriers that add to the homeless populations’ fight for survival. The Emergency Department is the unofficial primary care facility for the homeless. It serves as both a medical center as well as a social work center (Doran et al., 2013). Although priv ate clinics are available for the general public, obstacles such as identification and insurance requirements as well as disrespectful attitudes and apathetic treatment make services difficult and unpleasant for homeless patients to access (Zlotnick et al., 2013). In the Emergency Department, practitioners generally do not ask patients if they are homeless and instead rely on physical appearance such as whether the patient is wearing multiple layers of clothing or whether he/she has dirty fingernailsShow MoreRelatedEssay on Obesity in San Diego County: A Winnable Battle5475 Words   |  22 Pagescountry. San Diego has a semi –arid, Mediterranean climate with an average temperature of 72 degrees and 300 sunny days. There is little precipitation and in 2014 the governor of California declared a statewide drought emergency. (Governor Brown Declares Drought State of Emergency, 2014) The mild sunny climate along with numerous family orientated tourist attractions such as the wor ld renowned San Diego Zoo, SeaWorld, LEGOLAND, Balboa park and 7o miles of pristine beaches make San Diego a year roundRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 7.6. The Three Levels of Corporate Culture . . . . . . . Figure 8.1. Mintzberg’s Model of the Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 8.2. Types of Departments Found in Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 8.3. Vertical and Horizontal Specialization within Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 8.4. The Flow of Authority within a TraditionalRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesstrategic choices and strategy in action covered later in the book, it will normally be a prerequisite that some type of analysis of the strategic position is undertaken, using the case material. When planning the use of these cases with in programmes, care needs to be taken to balance the time taken on such strategic analysis so as to allow the time required to analyse the main issues for which the case has been chosen. Where the text and cases are being used as the framework for a strategy programmeRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagespremium on building collaborative relationships among a diverse cast of characters. Exciting opportunities await people skilled in project management. The project approach has long been the style of doing business in the construction industry, U.S. Department of Defense contracts, and Hollywood as well as big consulting firms. Now project management has spread to all avenues of work. Today, project teams carry out everything from port expansions to hospital restructuring to upgrading information systemsRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesretrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in

Sexual Harassment Policy Free Essays

It shall remain to be the policy of this organization that no employee shall be intimidated by colleagues, male or female on sexual issues. When such incidents are reported, they shall be treated as cases of sexual harassment punishable by the measures outlined in this policy. In the case of this organization sexual harassment shall be considered to be unwelcome or unwarranted sexual advances, requests for sexual favors as well as all other verbal or non verbal (physical) conduct of sexual nature directed to an employee without his or her consented wish (Conte, 2008). We will write a custom essay sample on Sexual Harassment Policy or any similar topic only for you Order Now This company shall therefore take the following issues as sexual harassment and shall all be punishable in equal measure without discrimination, favor or fear of contradiction; ? Any form of touching or any other body contact that may be sexually suggestive. This includes but is not limited to, o Grabbing any employee around the waist o Patting or scratching or another persons back o Pecking, tickling among other things ? Unwelcome gestures, jokes use of offensive and unsolicited comments on clothing ? Unwanted flirting and repeated request for dates that are turned down ? Playing suggestive music ? Display of sexually suggestive posters, pictures or objects ? Transmitting emails of suggestive nature (Koss, 2008). Procedure for Reporting Sexual Harassment Unlike other complains that this company strictly demands that the clear channel of authority be followed, cases of sexual harassment can be reported to any person above the victim’s rank who the victim feels open and free to share the details of the harassment. After the senior officer has received these details, he is expected to channel those complains to the human resource department within eight working hours for investigation to be conducted. The human resource department shall take the case to its committee and initiate the initial fact finding mission that shall provide the facts to the case. After the facts have been gathered and there is clear evidence that the accused is guilty of sexually harassing a colleague, he or she (offender) shall be summoned and his side of the story listened. He or she shall also be expected to either approve that the misconduct he is accused to have committed are true as the case is, are true but are exaggerated, or refuse to accept the allegation. If he or she accepts the happening of the misconduct, a chance for a formal defense shall be offered where his side of the story shall be listened and contrasted with the facts given by the complainant. After cross examining the accused as well as the victim, the committee shall then take the appropriate action depending on the nature of the harassment and the facts established. Severe cases shall be punished through termination of contract and a request to the relevant state authorities for trials in the judicial systems. This policy is expected to promote the laws that emphasize equal employment opportunities. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) is the agency mandated to promote equal employment opportunities to all qualified citizens. It therefore discourages any form of discriminate against Sexual Harassment Age, National Origin, Disability, Race, Pregnancy, Religion, Sex or Gender. The commission also roots for Equal Pay among the workers irregardless of gender while at the same time gets to evaluate the response towards cases of Sexual Harassment Claim (Bohlander, 2007). Reference: Conte A. (2008), Sexual Harassment in the Workplace: Law and Practice, Vol. 5, New York; Panel Publishers Koss P. , (2008) Changed Lives: The Psychological Impact of Sexual Harassment. New York; University of New York Press. Bohlander, G. W. (2007), Managing Human Resources; New York, Thomson Publishers How to cite Sexual Harassment Policy, Papers

Imaginary Bookkeeper free essay sample

Under each error below is an explanation to a recently hired bookkeeper how it would be shown on a cash reconciliation.   To do cash reconciliation, we normally reconcile the bank records and company records, hence when we do cash reconciliation which is also called bank reconciliation.   Middle City Online Accounting Tutorial (2006) says that bank reconciliation compares the information in the bank statement with the companys Cash account, and finds any discrepancies.   The balances of bank and book are brought to balance under the adjusted balance method.   Hence the treatment of each of the correction of under each of the error below is assumed to be under the adjusted balance method of bank reconciliation. a. The bank recorded a deposit of $200 as $2,000. Answer: The bank balance will have to add $ 1,800 as part of the bank balance. b. The company’s bookkeeper mistakenly recorded a deposit of $530 as $350. Answer: The book balance is to be increased by $ 180 c. The company’s bookkeeper mistakenly recorded a payment of $250 received from a customer as $25 on the bank deposit slip.   The bank caught the error and made the deposit for the correct amount. Answer: The book balance will have to be increased by $ 225 to correct the error. d. The bank statement shows a check written by the company for $255 was erroneously paid (cleared the account) as $225. Answer: The bank balance will have to be decrease by $ 30. e. The bookkeeper wrote a check for $369 but erroneously wrote down $396 as the cash disbursement on the company’s records. Answer: The book balance will have to be increased by $27. PART 2 IMAGINARY DOG BREEDING BUSINESS, WANT TO BORROW MONEY, WHAT WILL SHE NEED TO TAKE TO THE BANK WITH HER ALONG WITH HER APPLICATION TO THE BANK. Below are the answers to questions in relation to Lucy’s actions on the financial statements: Question 1.   What are the effects of Lucy’s classification on the financial statements? The classification of Lucy from the liability account because the amount of $ 50,000 was a loan, to an equity account would overstate the equity account of Lucy Shafer and understate the liability account. Question 2.   Are there any ratios that might be of concern to the local bank that will be misstated by Lucy’s actions? Yes, there are ratios that may be misstated by Lucy’s actions. These include the debt to equity ratio which will be overstated because it would appear that she has little or no debt when in fact it has not.   Debt to equity ratio is used to measure financial leverage. Another ratio that will be affected is the return on equity if she has already an income statement.   Return on equity will be understated because the formula to compute the same is to divide net income to total stockholders equity.   By including the $ 50,000 loan as part of the equity would therefore decrease the return on equity assuming the same amount of income.   Her net income however is not affected because her action of reporting the interest payments as miscellaneous expenses is correct. Question 3. Do you think Lucy’s actions are unethical? Suppose Lucy’s uncle agrees to be a partner in the company and Lucy can afford to buy his share by repaying the $50,000 with interest. Does that change your opinion? As to whether Lucy’s action are unethical, the answer is yes because that violates the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP)   but a wise auditor of the bank where she will borrow money using the financial statement,   could easily find the misstatement if the auditor will conduct verification especially the fact that the related interest payment is an expense. If her uncle agrees to be a partner then the debt to equity ratio and return on equity ratio would be correctly stated however, the fact of repaying he uncle’s share with interest is not correct, hence financial statement may still be misstated on some point.   This is because the moment that her uncle becomes a partner, both become decision-makers as partners not only to the running of the business but as to how financial information would be presented. Any repayment then to her uncle should not be considered as expense under the present accounting rules but partner’s withdrawal or drawing.   With Lucy’ treating therefore the interest payment as expense would overstate expenses and therefore understate income.   By understating income, the return on equity will still be understated by a certain degree and that would diminish her chance of borrowing because banks would normally prefer higher return on equity because the same measures profitability. Reference: 1. Middle City Online Accounting Tutorial, 2006, Chapter 7 Financial Assets {www document} URL http://www.middlecity.com/ch07.shtml,